Tourette Syndrome: A very small proportion of people with ADHD have a neurological disorder called Tourette Syndrome, which causes various nervous tics and repetitive mannerisms. While very few children have this syndrome, many of the cases of Tourette syndrome have associated ADHD.

Oppositional Defiant Disorder: As many as one-third to one-half of all children with ADHD--mostly boys--have another condition, known as oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). These children are often defiant, stubborn, non-compliant, have outbursts of temper, or become belligerent. They argue with adults and refuse to obey.

Conduct Disorder: About 20 to 40 percent of ADHD children may eventually develop conduct disorder (CD), a more serious pattern of antisocial behavior. These children frequently lie or steal, fight with or bully others, and are at a real risk of getting into trouble at school or with the police. They violate the basic rights of other people, are aggressive toward people and/or animals, destroy property, break into people's homes, commit thefts, carry or use weapons, or engage in vandalism. These children or teens are at greater risk for substance abuse experimentation, and later dependence and drug abuse. They need immediate hlep.

Anxiety and Depression: Some children with ADHD often have co-occurring anxiety or depression. If the anxiety or depression is recognized and treated, the child will be better able to handle the problems that accompany ADHD. Vice versa, effective treatment of ADHD can have a positive impact on anxiety as the child is better able to master academic tasks.

Bipolar Disorder: There are no accurate statistics on how many children with ADHD also have bipolar disorder. Differentiating between ADHD and bipolar disorder in childhood can be difficult. In its classic form, bipolar disorder is characterized by mood cycling between periods of intense highs and lows. But in children, bipolar often seems to be a rather chronic mood dysregulation with a mixture of elation, depression, and irritability. Furthermore, there are some symptoms that can be present both in ADHD and biplar disorder, such as a high level of energy and a reduced need for sleep. Of the symptoms differentiating children with ADHD from those with bipolar disorder, elated mood and grandiosity of the bipolar child are distinguishing characteristics.

If you suspect your child has a comorbid disorder that has not been diagnosed, bring it up with his doctor at your next visit.

Information from this article comes from the National Institute of Mental Health Report "Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder."